Dextroamphetamine

• Immediate release – 30 – 90 minutes,
• Extended release – 90 – 120 minutes ².

• Immediate release dosing – 3 – 7 hours,
• Extended release dosing – 12 hours ².

Amphetamines such as dextroamphetamine are noncatecholamine, sympathomimetic amines with CNSthe Central Nervous System, upon which certain drugs act stimulanta drug that acts on the Central Nervous System, increasing some rates of function such as heart-rate activity. Peripheral actions include elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressures and weak bronchodilator and respiratory stimulanta drug that acts on the Central Nervous System, increasing some rates of function such as heart-rate action. There is neither specific evidence that clearly establishes the mechanism whereby amphetamines produce mental and behavioural effects in children, nor conclusive evidence regarding how these effects relate to the condition of the central nervous systembrain and spinal cord ⁵.

Oral bioavailability is over 75% ⁵.

Hepatic ⁵.

10 – 28 hours (average is approximately 12 hours) ⁵.

Renal 45% ².

In rats, the oral LD50the amount of a material, given all at once, which causes the death of 50% (one half) of a group of test animals. The LD50 is one way to measure the short-term poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a material of dextroamphetamine sulfate is 96.8 mg/kg ⁵. The acute lethal dose in adults has been reported at 20 – 25 mg/kg, and in children, 5 mg/kg. Death from as little as 1.5 mg/kg in an adult has also been noted ⁶, ⁴.

Fatiguea feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. More and depression usually follow the central stimulationcan be defined as any changes in a person's energy levels which are interpreted as stimulating and encouraging when it comes to movement and physical activities such as running, walking, cleaning, socializing, dancing, and climbing More ⁵. Toxiccapable of causing injury or death amphetamine blood concentration: 50 ug/dL; Lethal amphetamine blood concentration: 200 ug/dL ⁶.

Psychological dependence often occurs when dextroamphetamine is used chronically. Tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More almost invariably develops to the anorexigenic effect of amphetamines, and is often seen also in the need for increasing doses to maintain improvement of mood in psychiatric patients. Tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More is striking in individuals who are dependent on the drug, and a daily intake of 1700 mg without apparent ill effects has been reported. Development of tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More is not invariable, and cases of narcolepsy have been treated for years without requiring an increase in the initially effective dose ⁷, ⁴.

The exact mechanism of action is not known. Dextroamphetamine stimulates the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptorsnerve endings that sense changes in the body More. At higher dosages, it causes release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic system and the nigrostriatal dopamine systems by reversal of the monoamine transporters. Dextroamphetamine may also act as a direct agonist on central 5-HT receptorsnerve endings that sense changes in the body More and may inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). In the periphery, amphetamines are believed to cause the release of noradrenaline by acting on the adrenergic nerve terminals and alpha- and beta-receptors. Modulation of serotonergic pathways may contribute to the calming affect ⁵.

Aggregated GHSGlobally Harmonised System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, was developed by the United Nations as a way to bring into agreement the chemical regulations and standards of different countries. GHS includes criteria for the classification of health, physical and environmental hazards, as well as specifying what information should be included on labels of hazardous chemicals as well as safety data sheets. More information from 2 notifications provided by 24 companies to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies ⁴.

• H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapour [Warning Flammable liquids – Category 3],
• H300 (95.83%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicityThis is when too much of something is taken over a short period of time More, oral – Category 1, 2],
• H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation – Category 1A, B, C] ⁴.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from all companies. Only Hazard Codes with percentage values above 10% are shown ⁴.

Incidence not known –

• bad, unusual, or unpleasant (after) taste,
• change in taste,
• constipationmeans that you're not passing stools regularly or you're unable to completely empty your bowels. More,
• decreased interest in sexual intercourse,
• dry mouth,
• hivesThis is an allergic skin reaction causing localised redness, swelling, and itching. or welts, itching, or skin rash,
• inability to have or keep an erection,
• indigestion,
• loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance,
• passing wind,
• redness of the skin,
• weight loss ¹.

• difficulty thinking clearly,
• impaired memory,
• unhealthy weight loss,
• malnutrition,
• hypertensionhigh blood pressure,
• tachycardiarapid pulse rate,
• impaired eyesight,
• psychoticthis is a mental state when you see or hear things which aren't there and have delusions More symptoms,
• tremors,
• seizuresthe outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness More (highest risk in patients with seizure history),
• heart attack,
• stroke,
• death ⁸.

• increased energy,
• heightened focus,
• increased alertness,
• suppressed appetite,
• feelings of euphoriafeelings of joy and happiness ⁸.

• change in consciousness,
• dark-coloured urine,
• diarrhoeaWhere you frequently pass watery or loose faeces,
• discouragement,
• feeling sad or empty,
• fever,
• irritability,
• lack of appetite,
• loss of consciousness,
• loss of interest or pleasure,
• mood or mental changes,
• muscle cramps or spasms,
• muscle pain or stiffness,
• nausea,
• panic state,
• physical attempt to injure,
• rapid breathing,
• seizuresthe outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness More,
• stomach cramps,
• sweating,
• trouble concentrating,
• violent actions,
• vomiting ⁹.