DANGER

Death may occur when GABAergic substances are combined with depressants such as opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, thienodiazepines or alcohol 1.
It is strongly discouraged to consume moderate to heavy dosages of these substances together 2.
Also known as
Bandits, beiruts, blou bulle, disco biscuits, ewings, flamingos, flowers, genuines, lemmon 714, lemons, lennons, lovers, ludes, mandies, qua, quaaludes, quack, quad, randy mandies, 714, soaper, sopes, sporos, vitamin q, wagon wheels, cateudil, dormutil, hyminal, isonox, melsed, melsedin, mequelone, mequin, methadorm, mozambin, optimil, parest, renoval, somnafac, toquilone compositum, triador, tuazole.
Classification
Depressant
Overview
Mandrax is a trade name for methaqualone, a pharmaceutical depressant. It is a synthetic drug that is compiled by means of the mixing of chemicals in a chemical process and a tablet is then produced. At one point, Mandraz was known as a safe and non-dependent drug. People even called it an miracle cure, being prescribed as a sleep aid and to reduce high blood pressure and anxiety attacks.
Eventually serious side-effects of Mandrax were seen, even life threatening when taking with alcohol, and that it could cause psychological and physical dependency. Because of its misuse, Mandrax was banned in many parts of the world. However this did not stop its illegal production and distribution by crime syndicates in the following countries: India, Pakistan, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Swaziland, Mozambique, South Africa, and The Far East 3.
Mandrax was originally created as a sleep aid, being used to help reduce high blood pressure and anxiety attacks. However this highly addictive depressant medication was quickly outlawed once its life threatening side effects were recognised. Today it is illegally produced by means of clandestine laboratories. South Africa is the largest abuser of Mandrax in the world.
While it typically comes in pill form, Mandrax is smoked to get a greater ‘Rush’. Many people who have developed a tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More to the drug will then begin to take mandrax with small amounts of dagga to achieve the desire affects. Mandraz can cause people to become physically dependent on it and have severe withdrawal symptoms in rehabilitation 3.
What does it look like?
Originally mandrax were smooth, firm white tablets with Mx written on the side of the tablet. Nowadays they can also be grey or yellow in colour, slightly freckled and with soft crumbly texture. They vary in colour, size and texture because they sometimes contain other drugs and are made illegally without keeping to proper standards 4.
How long do its effects last?
Onset of effects
Come up
- oral – 30 minutes 2.
Peak
- oral – 2 – 4 hours 2.
Offset
- oral – 2 – 4 hours 2.
Duration of effects
Pharmacology
Despite prior speculation, a 2015 study demonstrates that methaqualone exhibits distinct functional properties at the GABAGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in your brain, meaning it slows your brain's functions. GABA is known for producing a calming effect. receptor sites compared with other allosteric modulators, and it mediates these through a different mechanism than the barbiturates and benzodiazepines that it historically has been lumped together with 6.
These distinctions could contribute to the reported differences in the in vivo effects induced by methaqualone and classic CNSthe Central Nervous System, upon which certain drugs act depressants. In any case, the multifaceted functionality of methaqualone at GABAGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in your brain, meaning it slows your brain's functions. GABA is known for producing a calming effect. A receptorsnerve endings that sense changes in the body More seems to be at the root of its clinical efficacy, as well as the addiction liability and recreational use associated with the drug 6.
It could be speculated that despite differences in targeted receptorsnerve endings that sense changes in the body More, methaqualone essentially produces a variety of effects by binding to its receptor sites and magnifying the efficiency and effects of the neurotransmitter GABAGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in your brain, meaning it slows your brain's functions. GABA is known for producing a calming effect. by acting on its receptorsnerve endings that sense changes in the body More. As this site is the most prolific inhibitory receptor set within the brain, its modulation would explain the resulting sedating or calming effects which ensue 2.
Lethal dosage
Although the exact lethal dosage of methaqualone has not been formally established, like many depressants, it is safe at appropriate dosages. Complications may arise when administered in excess or in combination with other depressants 2.
Tolerance
Methaqualone is extremely addictive. Tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More to the sedative-hypnotic effects develops within a couple of days of repeated administration. After that, it takes about 3 – 7 days for the tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More to be reduced to half and 1 – 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Methaqualone presents cross-tolerance with all gabaergic depressants, meaning that after the consumption of methaqualone all compounds of the same class will have a reduced effect 2.
The person who uses mandrax for a while finds it necessary to use more and more. Such a person’s body has developed a tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More to mandrax and needs to use more to reach the same effects 4.
Mode of use
Mandrax are usually smoked but can be swallowed or injected. Most people crush the tablets, mix them with dagga and smoke them in a pipe or bottleneck 4.
Signs of usage
Effects
Short-term effects
- relaxation – feeling happy (or laughing), calm and carefree,
- confusiontrouble focusing, slow or disorganised thinking, poor short-term memory, unsure of time or place, or having difficulty following a conversation,
- aggression – when the high wears off,
- nausea and vomiting,
- falling over and passing out,
- sleep 8.
Long-term effects
- risk of addiction – tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More is built up rapidly,
- decreased immune system,
- convulsionswhen your body shakes violently without you meaning it to,
- mental and physical deterioration,
- breathing becomes slower leading to respiratory failure, comas or death 8.
Physical effects
- changes in gravitycan be described as feelings of gravity shifting in its direction. For example, during this state one may feel as if they are flying forwards, backwards, upwards, downwards, in multiple directions at once, or in a singular direction that doesn't make sense More,
- muscle relaxation,
- physical euphoriaan intense feeling of pleasure and well-being More,
- motor control loss,
- respiratory depressionslowing the drive and effectiveness of breathing More,
- sedationthe state of being relaxed or sleepy because of a drug More,
- constipationmeans that you're not passing stools regularly or you're unable to completely empty your bowels. More,
- dizziness 2.
Cognitive effects
- cognitive euphoriastate of intense well-being, happiness, and excitement More,
- compulsive redosing,
- subconscious communication,
- dream potentiationcan be described as a cognitive component which increases the intensity, vividness and frequency of sleeping dream states. This effect also creates higher detail and definition within dreams alongside of an increase in the likelihood of one's dreams becoming lucid. More,
- increased libido,
- increased music appreciation,
- anxiety suppression,
- disinhibition,
- information processing suppressioncan be described as a partial to complete suppression of a person's ability to process information and logically analyse a situation in an understandable and linear fashion. This is something which can result in states of stupor, indecisiveness, confusion and even irrational behaviour or delirium. More,
- thought deceleration 2.
Visual effects
- acuity suppression,
- double vision,
- visual disconnection,
- internal hallucinationsbest described as the perception of imagery and scenes which are experienced exclusively within a layer in front of one's open or closed eye vision and not seamlessly within the external environment around oneself. At lower levels, internal hallucinations begin with imagery which does not take up the entirety of one's visual field and is distinctively separate from its background. These can be described as spontaneous moving or still images of scenes, concepts, places, and anything one could imagine. They are manifested in varying levels of detail, ranging from ill-defined and cartoon-like in nature to completely realistic and beyond realism through seemingly impossible, non-euclidean geometric forms. They rarely hold their form for more than a few seconds before fading or shifting into another image. More 2.
Side-effects
Overdose
Overdose of methaqualone can lead to seizuresthe outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary loss of awareness More, coma or death. Taking doses of over 300mg can be dangerous for first time users. Depending on the state of the user’s individual tolerancethis is the process by which the receptors in your brain become habituated to the action of a drug. When tolerance is reached, more of the drug is required to achieve the same effect. With benzodiazepines, and probably with many other classes of drugs as well, tolerance is virtually always associated with some degree of physical dependence. If you find that you are experiencing tolerance, this is a clear warning sign that you may have formed a dependence. More, doses of about 8,000mg per day can be fatal whilst others on even higher doses (of up to 20,000mg) may survive 2.
Withdrawal
Abrupt discontinuation of methaqualone following regular dosing over several days can result in a withdrawal phase which includes rebound symptoms such as increased anxiety and insomniadifficulty in going to sleep or in getting enough sleep. It is possible to gradually reduce the dose over the course of several days, which will lengthen the duration of the withdrawal period but reduce the perceived intensity 2.
Withdrawal may last a few days and start a few days after stopping use. Some signs of withdrawal are –
- sleeping problems,
- nervous,
- anxious,
- irritable feelings,
- headaches,
- restlessness,
- eating problems 4.
Paraphernalia
- broken bottles and bottle necks,
- homemade filters – known as a ‘Diamond’,
- brown stained tissues,
- containers used to spit in,
- lotto and tab tickets in which tablets are crushed 9.
Detox
Mandrax is a highly addictive drug that produces severe symptoms of withdrawal during rehabilitation. This is why most patients suffering from a mandrax addiction require detoxification to control cravings and symptoms of withdrawal, allowing them to safely work though the withdrawal period. Patients also goes through extensive therapy and counselling sessions to get to the root cause of the addiction, getting a full understanding of their addiction and developing the key skills needed to maintain their sobriety in their day to day lives 3, 7.
History
Mandrax is a synthetic drug that is compiled by means of the mixing of chemicals in a chemical process and a tablet is then produced. The active ingredient in Mandrax is Methaqualone.
In the sixties and early seventies these tablets were prescribed as sleeping tablets. Other medicinal uses included illnesses like high blood pressure and anxiety attacks.
Mandrax was originally known as a safe and non-dependent drug. It was the drug that people reckoned was going to be the miracle cure of the world at its time.
It was however found that Mandrax had various side-effects, especially if it was used with Dagga and alcohol, which was life threatening because it caused psychological and physical dependency. This caused a drastic increase in burglaries, especially at pharmacies, where it was found that Mandrax specifically was stolen. Mandrax was banned in most parts of the world because of the misuse 9.
Footnotes:
Risks of Combining Depressants, 2015, https://tripsit.me/combining-depressants/
Methaqualone, 2017, https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Methaqualone
Mandrax, 2016, http://www.flrc.co.za/mandrax.htm
Methaqualone, 2017, http://drugs.tripsit.me/methaqualone
Hammer, H. and Bader, B. M. and Ehnert, C. And Bundgaard, C. and Bunch, L. and Hoestgaard-Jensen, K. and Schroder, O. and Bastlund, J. F. and Gramowski-Voss, A. and Jensen, A. A., A Multifaceted GABAA Receptor Modulator: Functional Properties and Mechanism of Action of the Sedative-Hypnotic and Recreational Drug Methaqualone (Quaalude), Molecular Pharmacology, 2015, 88, 2, 401-420, https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.115.099291, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26056160
Mandrax: Uses, Symptoms, Signs and Addiction Treatment, 2017, http://addictionlibrary.org/prescription/mandrax-uses-symptoms-signs-and-addiction-treatment.html
Mandrax, 2016, http://www.drugaware.co.za/mandrax.html